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come in many forms! Here are a few: Elephant grass (top left; by Mehmet Karatay); Bamboo (top right; by Bernard Gagnon); Maize (bottom left; by Richard Webb); and, perhaps most familiar to many of us, lawn grass (Public Domain).https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/phytoliths.jpgPhytolithsThis is a microscopic view of phytoliths extracted from elephant grass. Because these are tiny flakes of mineral, they also tend to preserve pretty well in the fossil record. Image by Benjamin Gadet, adapted from Parr et al. 2001 via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/savanna.jpgSavannaEntire swaths of our planet are dominated by grass, including this Kenyan savanna. Image from CT Cooper via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/grass.pngGrass2023-11-17T00:54:27+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/11/11/episode-178-ears/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/blog_elephant.pngblog_elephanthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/blog_ear.pngblog_earhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/blog_fox.jpgblog_foxhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/blog_many.pngblog_many2023-11-12T01:22:07+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/10/14/episode-176-hadrosaurs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/blog_eggs.jpgblog_eggshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/blog_onto.jpgblog_ontohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/blog_teeth.jpgblog_teethhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/blog_crests.pngblog_crestshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/blog_ornithos.pngblog_ornithoshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/blog_para.jpgblog_para2023-10-15T00:14:40+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/02/26/episode-3-snakes/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/fossilsnakes.pngfossilsnakeshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ophiophagus_hannah_skull.jpgophiophagus_hannah_skullhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/pythonleg1.jpgpythonleghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/pythonleg.jpgpythonleghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/6890466278_4a8f3643d4_k.jpg6890466278_4a8f3643d4_khttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/sanajeh.pngsanajehhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/snakesbigsmall.pngsnakesbigsmall2023-10-10T17:08:31+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/02/12/episode-2-crocodilians-past-and-present/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/p1030777.jpgp1030777https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/p1030784.jpgp1030784https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/mystriosarus_bollensis_amnh5138.jpgmystriosarus_bollensis_amnh5138https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/prestosuchus_chiniquensis_amnh3856.jpgprestosuchus_chiniquensis_amnh3856https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/sebecus_icaeorhinus_amnh3160.jpgsebecus_icaeorhinus_amnh3160https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/large_crocodyliformes_2015mod.pnglarge_crocodyliformes_2015modhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/crocodilia_collage.jpgcrocodilia_collage2025-06-06T10:56:39+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/09/01/spotlight-invertebrate-paleontologists/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bivalves.pngBivalvesSome of Ranjeev's favorite bivalves, from Sri Lanka. Spiny oysters on the left and right, and scallops in the middle. Images from Ranjeev Epa.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/starfish.pngStarfishLeft: A modern-day red-knobbed starfish, Protoreaster linckii; Right: An Ordovician fossil starfish, Promopalaeaster, photo by James St. John. Images from Wikimedia Commonshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/stigall.pngAlyciaLeft: Dr. Stigall pointing out a Middle Ordovician brachiopod from Estonia. Right: A slab of beautiful brachiopods from Utah, also Middle Ordovician. All of these brachiopods date back to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event! Photos provided by Alycia Stigall.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/adriane.pngAdrianeTop left: One of Adriane's favorite forams, Globoconella puncticulata from the Pliocene/Pleistocene; Top right: Adriane examining sedimentary layers on the JOIDES Resolution research vessel; Bottom: Adriane and fellow Time Scavengers creator Jen Bauer with a slab of ancient ripples they found in Ohio.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/eurypterus.pngEurypterusEurypterus, a classic sea scorpion. Left: A gorgeous fossil, Photo by Ryan Somma; Right: Artistic reconstruction by Obsidian Soul. Images from Wikimedia Commons.2023-10-10T17:07:05+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/05/18/episode-61-behavior-in-the-fossil-record/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/crocodile_mom-1.jpgCrocodile_Momhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/velociraptor_v._protoceratops.jpgVelociraptor_v._Protoceratopshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/dinosaur_tracks_14176736955.jpgDinosaur_Tracks_(14176736955)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/27606907388_396755a756_o.jpgClimbing goats in a tree2023-10-10T17:06:31+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/11/30/episode-75-the-great-oxidation-event/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/oxygen-history-j.-hirschfeld.pngOxygen History J. Hirschfeldhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/early-earth-nasa-goddard-space-flight-center-conceptual-image-lab.jpgEarly Earth, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Labhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/cyanobacteria-nasa.jpgCyanobacteria, NASA2023-10-10T17:04:30+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/01/23/episode-105-carnivorous-plants/2025-11-02T18:35:32+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/05/15/episode-113-paleoclimate/2023-10-10T17:02:47+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/09/18/episode-122-plate-tectonics/2023-10-10T17:02:34+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/03/19/episode-135-seeds/2023-10-10T17:02:16+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/07/08/episode-169-sea-snakes/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_cretaceous.pngblog_cretaceoushttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_eocene.pngblog_eocenehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_tails.pngblog_tailshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_modern.pngblog_modernhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_seasnake.jpgblog_seasnake2023-10-10T17:00:56+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/08/06/episode-145-photosynthesis/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_origin.pngblog_originhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_chloroplast.pngblog_chloroplasthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_photosynthesis.pngblog_photosynthesishttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_diversity-1.pngblog_diversity-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_diversity.pngblog_diversityhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_sun.jpgblog_sun2023-10-10T17:00:34+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/02/04/episode-158-charles-r-knight/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/knight_modern.pngknight_modernhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/knight_iceage.pngknight_iceagehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/knight_sculpt.jpgknight_sculpthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/knight_dinoart.pngknight_dinoarthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/knight_elotherium.jpgknight_elotherium2023-10-10T17:00:21+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/09/30/episode-175-plant-defenses/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_locust.jpgblog_locusthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_fossil-1.pngblog_fossil-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_fossil.pngblog_fossilhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_phytoliths.pngblog_phytolithshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_chemical.pngblog_chemicalhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/trichomes_in_arabidopsis_thaliana_leaves.jpegtrichomes_in_arabidopsis_thaliana_leaveshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_feature.jpgblog_featurehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_physical.pngblog_physical2023-10-10T16:58:26+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/06/27/episode-90-living-fossils/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/picture1-e1593194037567.pngPicture1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nautilus_palau.jpgNautilus_Palauhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/800px-velemlok_c48dc3adnskc3bd_zoo_praha_1.jpg800px-Velemlok_čínský_zoo_praha_1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/beni-kabutoebialbino1.jpgBeni-KabutoEbiAlbino1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/450px-cycas_circinalis.jpg450px-Cycas_circinalis2023-10-10T16:43:59+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/06/29/episode-64-paleoart/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/knight-2.pngKnighthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/knight-1.pngKnighthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/knight.pngKnighthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gregpaul.pngGregPaulhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/zallinger.jpgZallingerhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gabriel1.pngGabriel1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/gabriel2.jpgGabriel22023-10-10T16:43:52+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/12/02/episode-49-fake-fossils/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/archaeoraptor_microraptor.pngArchaeoraptor_MicroraptorTop: the famous fake, "Archaeoraptor," a composite of fragments of multiple fossil animals. Bottom: an actual dinosaur, Microraptor, the animal whose tail was glued into "Archaeoraptor." Images from BleachedRice (top) and Matthew Martyniuk (bottom) via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/piltdown.pngPiltdownAh, the most famous fossil fake of all. Piltdown Man was "known" from fragments. Here are two attempts at reconstructing the entire skull ... which of course didn't exist! Images from J. Arthur Thomson (left) and Mike Peel (right) via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/fake_dinosaur_fossil_in_dalian_china_6.jpegFake_dinosaur_fossil_in_Dalian_China_6.jpegHere's a fake fossil! This one appears to be carved from the stone, a common practice in fossil forgery. Image: Guy Curtois (Wikimedia Commons)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/lugensteine.pngLugensteineThe "Lying Stones" published by Beringer are pretty hilarious to us now, but in 1725, people were still puzzling over how fossils even formed, so to find stones featuring copulating frogs and Hebrew letters didn't set off Beringer's alarm bells. Images by MBq (top) and Ghedoghedo from Wikimedia Commons.2023-10-10T16:43:48+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/10/21/episode-46-cryptozoology/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/12836560653_1d876c3723_o.jpg12836560653_1d876c3723_o2023-10-10T16:43:44+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/09/30/scifest-in-st-louis/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/tables3.pngTables3Here's Will admiring croc specimens with Casey Holliday (left) and the Burpee Museum folks, Josh Matthews (right, in blue) and Dan Large (right, in white).https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/tables2.pngTables2Dr. Denver Fowler (top) and Dr. Andy Farke (bottom) had tables covered in even more Triceratops: horns, skulls, bits of frill - some with bite marks on them!https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/tables1.pngTables1Dr. Liz Freedman Fowler (left) spent the day at this table full o' hadrosaurs! Dr. Ashley Morhardt (right) is standing in front of a Triceratops braincase and holding a mold of the inside!https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/panel.jpgPanelThe day ended with a panel of paleontologists, talking about their research and answering questions from the audience. Left to right: Morhardt, Fowler, Farke, Freedman Fowler, Matthews, Holliday.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/eqtables.pngEQTablesEarthquake tables! One of them was handing out "Quake Sand" - sand that was pushed up in earthquake-caused geysers in the Madrid zone.2023-10-10T16:43:40+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/07/15/episode-39-speculative-evolution/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/mermaids.pngMermaidshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/thefutureiswild-dixonoriginalbook.jpgThefutureiswild-dixonoriginalbookExplores what modern animals may look like in the future. Image from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/manafterman.jpgManaftermanSimilar to After Man, though looking at the future of our species and how our effect on the earth molds the evolution of other animals. Image from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/dixon_1988_the_new_dinosaurs_resized.jpgDixon_1988_The_New_Dinosaurs_resizedLooks at what dinosaurs may have became if the K/Pg extinction hadn't happened. Image from Wikimedia Commons.2025-01-02T16:45:23+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/12/03/episode-23-jurassic-park/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/gertie.jpgGertieGertie the Dinosaur is a cartoonish sauropod, and the first animated dinosaur.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/lost_world.pngLost_World"Old school" dinosaurs of The Lost World (1925): Triceratops to the left, and Tyrannosaurus to the right. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/knight-brontosaurus.jpgKnight BrontosaurusThis famous illustration by Charles R. Knight, from 1897, depicts a swamp-dwelling Brontosaurus and a tail-dragging Diplodocus in the background.2023-10-10T16:43:03+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/10/08/episode-19-women-in-paleontology/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/512px-mary_anning_painting.jpg512px-Mary_Anning_paintingMary Anning, by 'Mr. Grey' in Crispin Tickell's book 'Mary Anning of Lyme Regis' (1996), Wikimedia Commons 2023-10-10T16:42:51+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/09/10/episode-17-the-society-of-vertebrate-paleontology-svp/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/gabeposter.jpgGabePosterDuring the education poster session, Gabe Santos presented an augmented reality poster, showcasing features he's been introducing to his museum! Photo: David Moscatohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/royal-tyrrell.pngRoyal TyrrellThere are many great paleontology locations nearby Calgary, including the Royal Tyrrell Museum in Drumheller, where visitors can now meet Borealopelta! Photos: David Moscatohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/exhibitors.pngExhibitorsVarious exhibitors host booths at SVP, selling equipment, books, educational materials, and more. Bottom Left: a Pangea globe from Real World Globes; Bottom Right: the two shirts that David bought from Permia! Photos: David Moscatohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/auction-items.pngAuction ItemsEvery year, at the charity auction, attendees donate money in return for various items, ranging from wonderful fossil casts to the traditional Paleo Barbie. Photos: David Moscatohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/20170826_164517.jpgSantos PosterDuring the education poster session, Gabe Santos presented an augmented reality poster, showcasing features he's been introducing to his museum! Photo: David Moscatohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/20170826_113756.jpgSVP PeopleThis is what paleontologists look like, mingling, discussing research, meeting each other. This is SVP!https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/20170826_094628.jpgTalkMore than 300 researchers presented their ongoing studies to rooms full of colleagues just like this. Photo: David Moscato2023-10-10T16:42:45+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/05/06/episode-34-ancient-dna/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ancient_dna_animals.pngAncient_DNA_AnimalsLeft: A quagga, the first extinct animal to have ancient DNA successfully extracted in 1984. Photo by Frederick York. Right: Tooth of a Denisovan, a group of ancient hominins known almost exclusively from their ancient DNA. Photo by Thilo Parg. Photos from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/dna_labs.pngDNA_LabsSome glimpses inside DNA labs. Left: DNA Analyst Holly Krantz extracting DNA at the Armed Forces DNA Identification Lab (AFDIL); Photo by Samantha Thorpe. Right: Many tubes of ancient DNA from 150-year-old martens at the Oklahoma State University Lab. Photo by Leigha Lynch.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/dna.pngDNAMister DNA! Images by Zephyris (left) and Forluvoft (right) from Wikimedia Commons.2023-10-10T16:38:10+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/01/11/episode-78-exaptation/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture3.pngPicture3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture2.pngPicture2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture1.pngPicture12023-10-10T16:32:43+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/10/17/episode-98-species-and-speciation/2023-10-10T16:32:39+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/09/03/episode-147-genetics/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_dna4.pngblog_dna4https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_dna.pngblog_dnahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_punnet.pngblog_punnethttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/blog_phylo.pngblog_phylo2023-10-10T16:32:10+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/07/24/episode-118-trace-fossils/2023-10-10T16:32:04+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/04/16/episode-137-fossilization/2023-10-10T16:32:00+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/07/23/episode-144-evolutionary-gigantism-and-dwarfism/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/blog_elephant.jpgblog_elephanthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/blog_cold.pngblog_coldhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/blog_island.pngblog_islandhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/blog_tinies.pngblog_tinieshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/blog_giants.pngblog_giants2023-10-10T16:31:55+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/01/29/episode-1-the-field-of-paleontology/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/gfs-lab.jpggfs-labhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/willteach.jpgwillteachhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/sean-and-david-at-gray-lab.jpghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/img_3889.jpgimg_3889https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/20160502_123240.jpg20160502_123240https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/20141018_134001.jpg20141018_134001https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/img_0207.jpgimg_02072023-10-10T16:31:24+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/05/07/episode-8-conservation-paleontology/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/journal-pone-0112884-g001_a.pngJournal.pone.0112884.g001_aBig animals like bison and wolves have been the center of conservation plans to restore the fractured wildlife of the American West. Image from MacNulty et al. 2014, Wikimediahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ice_age_fauna_of_northern_spain_-_mauricio_antc3b3n.jpgIce_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_AntónDuring the Ice Age, the Mammoth Steppe was a widespread grassland biome in northern continents, maintained by the large animals that disappeared at the end of the Pleistocene. Image: Mauricio Anton, Wikimedia.2023-10-10T16:30:48+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/07/02/episode-12-the-geologic-time-scale/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/picture1.pngPicture1The Grand Canyon is a great example of extensive stratigraphy. From bottom to top, the layers follow a long stretch of Earth history. Photo by Luca Galuzzihttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/index_fossils_2.jpgIndex_fossils_2Index fossils - from widespread but short-lived species - are often very specific to certain time periods. Image: USGShttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/512px-geologic_time_scale.jpg512px-Geologic_time_scaleThe Geologic Time Scale in all its glory. USGS2023-10-10T16:30:35+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/07/16/episode-13-the-fossil-preparation-lab/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/20107192_1410465915704549_611462882_o.jpgWorkstation2This is also a preparator's workstation, this one is focused on sorting through tiny microfossils like frogs, salamanders, snakes, and more. Photo from the Gray Site by Davis Gunnin.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/19807251_1950931655120148_563077987_o.jpgWorkstation1Behold the fossil preparator's workstation! Inside that plaster jacket are bits of Gray Site peccary, and surrounding it are the tools to restore it. Photo by Shayleigh Madenhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/david-at-work.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAThis is David scraping away to expose the bones of a fossil lizard from California. This was not a job for a toothbrush! Photo by Sandy Swift. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/20170616_165424.jpg20170616_165424https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/20170615_163352.jpg20170615_163352Slowly but surely, this Gray Site mastodon tusk is coming together. Photo by Davidhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/20170615_161133.jpg20170615_161133Inside this plaster jacket is a chaotic mess of rock, dirt, and a highly damaged mastodon skull (see the teeth!) - it will take many months for this fossil to go through all of the prep steps. 2023-10-10T16:30:29+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/10/22/episode-20-the-scientific-method/2023-10-10T16:30:11+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/11/19/episode-22-micropaleontology/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/scolecodont_ramphoprion1.pngScolecodont_ramphoprionhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/scolecodont_ramphoprion.pngScolecodont_ramphoprion2023-10-10T16:30:05+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/01/28/episode-27-domestication/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/20160922_173433-e1517161119487.webp20160922_173433-e1517161119487https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/20160922_173433-e1517161119487.jpg20160922_173433Two of David's personal favorite domesticated critters.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/domestication.pngDomesticationOn the left, a wild banana compared to 4 breeds of domesticated bananas. On the right, red junglefowl compared with its domesticated cousin, the chicken. Images from Wikimedia Commons, by Warut Rooguthai, TimothyPilgrim, JJ Harrison, and Daniel Schwen2023-10-10T16:29:58+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/05/20/episode-35-de-extinction/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/deextinction.jpgDeextinctionLeft: artist's depiction of a passenger pigeon flock, back when they were ridiculously numerous. Right: reconstruction of the now-extinct bucardo (Pyrenean ibex).https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/indian-aurochs.jpgIndian aurochsA reconstruction of an Indian aurochs. These cattle-ancestors went extinct in the 1600s. Image by Jochen Ackermann via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/columbian_mammoth.jpgColumbian_mammothWhile they lived in Northern ecosystems, mammoths were hugely important in maintaining healthy grasslands. Image from Osborn, 1942 via Wikimedia Commons2023-10-10T16:29:49+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/04/04/episode-84-paleopathology/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/blog3_disease.pngBlog3_Diseasehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/blog2_fossilinjury.pngBlog2_FossilInjuryhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/blog1_injury.pngBlog1_Injury2023-10-10T16:29:35+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/06/10/episode-167-geologic-dating/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blog_gray.jpgblog_grayhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blog_layers-1.pngblog_layers-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blog_layers.pngblog_layershttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blog_varves.jpgblog_varveshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blog_incremental.pngblog_incrementalhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blog_radio.jpgblog_radio2023-10-10T16:29:26+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/03/12/episode-4-island-evolution/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/8686980163_fb4c507307_o.jpgSONY DSCSONY DSChttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/10110030413_2232cd1217_o.jpg10110030413_2232cd1217_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/4711628610_95081aa065_o1.jpgDoDo BirdOne of the few remaining stuffed DoDo birds, and the Natural Histry Museum, Berlin 2009https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/4711628610_95081aa065_o.jpgDoDo BirdOne of the few remaining stuffed DoDo birds, and the Natural Histry Museum, Berlin 20092023-10-10T16:27:36+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/04/09/episode-6-evolution-of-flight/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/fossil-flyers1.pngFossil FLyershttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/fossil-flyers.pngFossil FLyershttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/wing-comparison.jpgWing Comparisonhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/flaying-animals.jpgFlaying Animals2023-10-10T16:27:32+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/05/21/episode-9-the-cambrian-explosion/2023-10-10T16:27:26+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/06/04/episode-10-the-tree-of-life/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/biological_classification_l_pengo_vflip-svg.pngBiological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svgThe Linnaean classification system. Groups within groups. Image by Pengo on Wikimediahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/phylogenetic_tree_of_life.pngPhylogenetic_Tree_of_LifeOur categories of life are actually reflective of relationships between living species. The ancestor sits at the base of the tree, and each branch is a different evolutionary path. From Adl et al., Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/distribution_of_feathers_in_dinosauria.jpgDistribution_of_feathers_in_DinosauriaThis cladogram displays different groups of dinosaurs, the variation in traits between them, and those dots are the "nodes" marking the groups' shared ancestors. By Prado et al.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/darwin_tree_cut.pngDarwin_tree_cutThe first phylogenetic tree, by Darwin. "I think" 2023-10-10T16:27:22+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/09/23/episode-44-hybridization/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/zonkey-2673568_1280.jpgzonkey-2673568_12802023-10-10T16:27:06+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/03/09/episode-56-evolution-of-evolutionary-theory/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/evolution_sm.pngEvolution_smhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/800px-phylogenetic_tree_of_life.png800px-Phylogenetic_Tree_of_Lifehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/800px-mycteria_leucocephala_-_pak_thale.jpg800px-Mycteria_leucocephala_-_Pak_Thale2023-10-10T16:26:33+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/03/23/episode-57-the-evolution-of-flowering-plants-angiosperms/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/archaefructus_liaoningensis.jpgArchaefructus_liaoningensishttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/alyflowers.pngAlyFlowershttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2048px-flower_poster_2.jpg2048px-Flower_poster_22023-10-10T16:26:27+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/06/16/episode-63-sexual-selection/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/satin-bowerbird-359489_960_720.jpgsatin-bowerbird-359489_960_720https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/44884689001_97573524b4_o.jpg44884689001_97573524b4_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/799px-pair_of_mandarin_ducks.jpg799px-Pair_of_mandarin_duckshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/800px-fossil_of_megaloceros_giganteus.jpg800px-Fossil_of_Megaloceros_Giganteus2023-10-10T16:26:23+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/08/24/episode-68-evolution-of-eyes/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/eyes.pngEyesThere are two kinds of camera eye. The first, called simple eyes, are what we generally see in cephalopods and vertebrates, including humans! These consist of a retina (patch of light-receiving cells), cornea (covering over the eye), and a lens (to focus light). The other kind, called compound eyes, are found in arthropods, and include multiple lenses and corneas and sometimes multiple retinas all working together to create an image.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/429px-diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg_.png429px-Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg2023-10-10T16:26:15+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/09/21/episode-70-convergent-evolution/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/picture5.pngPicture5https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/picture4.pngPicture4https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/banana_plant___and_blossom__in_egypt.jpgBanana_plant_(_)_and_blossom(_)_in_Egypthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/picture3.pngPicture3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/the_chordates_1950_20423345938.jpgThe_chordates_(1950)_(20423345938)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/picture2.pngPicture2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/picture1-1.pngPicture1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/homology.jpgHomology2023-10-10T16:26:07+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/07/25/episode-92-eggs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/771px-chicken_egg_diagram.svg_.png771px-Chicken_egg_diagram.svghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/frogspawn_closeup.jpgFrogspawn_closeuphttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/800px-oviraptor-ghedo.jpg800px-Oviraptor-Ghedohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/800px-shark_egg_capsules.jpg800px-Shark_egg_capsuleshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/800px-dinosaur_eggs_-_kunming_natural_history_museum_of_zoology_-_dsc02392.jpg800px-Dinosaur_eggs_-_Kunming_Natural_History_Museum_of_Zoology_-_DSC02392https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/800px-greeneggs.jpg800px-GreenEggs2023-10-10T16:25:27+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/10/03/episode-97-venom-and-poison/2023-10-10T16:25:20+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/10/31/episode-99-evolution-of-insects/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/881px-insects_collage-1.jpg881px-Insects_collagehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/earlyfliers.pngEarlyFliershttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/basalinsects.pngBasalInsects2023-10-10T16:25:11+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/12/12/episode-102-parasites/2023-10-10T16:24:33+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/04/17/episode-111-eusociality/2023-10-10T16:24:27+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/05/01/episode-112-caves/2023-10-10T16:24:21+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/05/29/episode-114-polar-life/2023-10-10T16:24:14+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/07/10/episode-117-crabs-and-carcinization/2023-10-10T16:24:02+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/11/14/episode-126-mimicry/2023-10-10T16:23:58+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/02/19/episode-133-symbiosis/2023-10-10T16:23:55+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/09/17/episode-148-gliding/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_models.pngglide_modelshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_dinos.pngglide_dinoshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_kuehn.pngglide_kuehnhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_weigel.pngglide_weigelhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_sharo.pngglide_sharohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_xianglong.jpgglide_xianglonghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_draco.pngglide_dracohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_snakes.jpgglide_snakeshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_mammals.pngglide_mammalshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/glide_fish.pngglide_fish2023-10-10T16:23:45+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/12/10/episode-154-live-birth/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_ichthyosaurs.pngblog_ichthyosaurshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_materpiscis.pngblog_materpiscishttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_fossil.pngblog_fossilhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_live_birth.pngblog_live_birth2023-10-10T16:23:40+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/09/02/episode-173-herbivores-plant-eaters/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_feature-1.jpgblog_feature-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_leaf.jpgblog_leafhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_fossils-2.pngblog_fossils-2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_herbivores.pngblog_herbivores2023-10-10T16:23:29+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/09/16/episode-174-the-mesozoic-marine-revolution/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_ray.pngblog_rayhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_holes.pngblog_holeshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/blog_crab.pngblog_crab2023-10-10T16:23:23+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/12/28/episode-77-fins-to-feet-the-fish-tetrapod-transition/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/blog_tiktaalik.jpgBlog_Tiktaalikhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/blog_lffs.pngBlog_LFFshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/blog_clack2-1.gifBlog_Clack2 (1)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/blog_clack2-2.gifBlog_Clack2 (2)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/blog_acantho.jpgBlog_Acantho2023-10-10T16:22:46+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/12/14/episode-76-horse-evolution/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/mesohippus_barbouri_harvard.jpgMesohippus_barbouri_Harvardhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/763px-horse_anatomy.svg_.png763px-Horse_anatomy.svghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/493px-horseevolution.png493px-Horseevolutionhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/extinct_horses.jpgExtinct_horseshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/the_perissodactyl.jpgThe_Perissodactylhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/32129631440_0cb2c261f5_o.jpg32129631440_0cb2c261f5_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/800px-przewalski_wild_horse.jpg800px-Przewalski_Wild_Horsehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/780px-merychippus_insignis_life_restoration.jpg780px-Merychippus_insignis_life_restorationhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/800px-eohippus.jpg800px-Eohippushttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/766px-parahippus.jpg766px-Parahippus2023-10-10T16:22:36+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/11/04/episode-47-early-synapsids-proto-mammals/2025-01-30T20:59:15+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/09/24/episode-18-human-evolution/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/laetolis1prints4tc.jpgLaetoliS1prints4TCFootprints from the famous Laetoli fossil site in Tanzania show that Australopithecus was walking upright by 3.7 million years ago. Image: Masao et al. 2016https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/tools1.pngToolsThe creation and use of stone tools goes back at least 2.5 million years. From early, simple cut stone, like the 1.7Ma Oldawan choppers on the left,1 to a huge diversity of implements like the 65,000 year-old fire-treated tools on the right. Images by Didier Descouens and Daleyhi, Wikimeda Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/tools.pngToolsThe modification and use of stone tools goes back as far as 2.5 million years. On the left: https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/skeleton-414543_1280.jpgskeleton-414543_1280Compared to other primates, our human skeleton (left-most) is extensively adapted for upright walking. Image by stux, Pixabay.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/later-hominins.pngLater HomininsWithin the past 2 million years, we see a huge diversity of the genus Homo, including early members like Homo erectus (left); our own species, Homo sapiens (middle); and our close cousin and contemporary, Homo neanderthalensis. Images by Thomas Roches (Wikimedia), James St. John (Flickr), and Luna04 (Wikimedia).https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/early-hominins.pngEarly HomininsEarly members of our lineage. Top left: Ardipithecus, ~4.5 million years old (Ma); Right: Australopithecus afarensis, ~3-4Ma (this is Lucy!); Bottom left: Australopithecus sediba, ~2Ma. Images: "Ardi" by Tiia Monto, sedib by Brett Eloff, Wikimedia Commonshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ape-evolution.pngApe EvolutionOur place among Primates! From early ancestors (bottom), all modern apes have developed, including ourselves! Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/the-great-apes.pngThe-great-apesOur place in Primates. We evolved from the same recent ancestors that gave rise to the other Great Apes. Image: Merrilydancingape, Wikimedia Commons2023-10-10T16:22:24+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/02/22/episode-81-metamorphosis/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/picture1.pngPicture1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/grasshopper_nymph_7079232709.jpgCSC_03062023-10-09T16:06:04+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/03/18/episode-161-sleep/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_sleepfliers.pngblog_sleepfliershttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_sleepybabies-1.pngblog_sleepybabies-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_sleepybabies.pngblog_sleepybabieshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_sleepcat.jpgblog_sleepcat2023-10-09T16:04:45+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/01/21/episode-157-bioluminescence-and-biofluorescence/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/picture14.pngpicture14https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/picture9.jpgpicture9https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/picture13.jpgpicture13https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/glow_shrimp-1.jpgglow_shrimp-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/glow_diversity-1.pngglow_diversity-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/glow_angler2.pngglow_angler2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/glow_algae.jpgglow_algaehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/glow_shrimp.jpgglow_shrimphttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/glow_squid.pngglow_squidhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/glow_angler.jpgglow_angler2023-10-09T16:03:59+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/09/05/episode-95-the-carboniferous-rainforest-collapsea/2023-10-09T16:01:34+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/04/18/episode-85-the-ordovician-mass-extinction/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/43193357362_7ef775f1aa_o.jpg43193357362_7ef775f1aa_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/diorama_of_a_cincinnatian_seafloor_late_ordovician_44702899525.jpgDiorama_of_a_Cincinnatian_seafloor_(Late_Ordovician)_(44702899525)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/scoteseordo.jpgScoteseOrdo2023-10-09T16:01:30+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/10/05/episode-71-the-western-interior-seaway/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/kansas_sea2db.jpgKansas_sea2DBhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/appdinos.pngAppDinoshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/730px-map_of_north_america_with_the_western_interior_seaway_during_the_campanian_upper_cretaceous.jpg730px-Map_of_North_America_with_the_Western_Interior_Seaway_during_the_Campanian_(Upper_Cretaceous)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/hell_creek_dinosaurs_and_pterosaurs_by_durbed.jpgHell_Creek_dinosaurs_and_pterosaurs_by_durbed2023-10-09T15:57:49+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/08/05/episode-171-the-tethys-sea/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_fossils-1.pngblog_fossils-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_header.jpgblog_headerhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_fossils.pngblog_fossilshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_neotethys.pngblog_neotethyshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/blog_palaeotethys.pngblog_palaeotethys2023-10-09T15:57:43+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/08/10/episode-67-the-la-brea-tar-pits/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/project23.pngProject23https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/fishbowl.pngFishbowlhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/earring.jpgEarringhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/dire-wolves.jpgDire WolvesLa Brea is most famous for its large carnivores. The collection includes thousands of specimens of dire wolves and saber-toothed cats. This display in the La Brea museum shows off 400 of their best dire wolf skulls. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/collections.pngCollections2023-10-09T15:54:48+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/01/13/episode-52-sounds-of-the-past-fossil-bioacoustics/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/toothed_whale_echolocation.pngtoothed_whale_echolocationhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/smilodon_knight.jpgsmilodon_knighthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/3354791783_3a82a20f61_o.jpg3354791783_3a82a20f61_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/425px-hadrosauridae_skull_comparison_not_in_scale-e1547184118920.jpg425px-hadrosauridae_skull_comparison_(not_in_scale)2023-10-09T15:54:32+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/12/30/episode-51-mosasaurs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Feeding.pngFeedingLeft: Most mosasaurs, like Hainosaurus, were probably generalists that fed on all sorts of soft, swimming prey. Art by Dmitry Bogdanov. Right: Globidens was a specialist, feeding on hard-shelled food, as evidenced by its ridiculous ball-teeth. Photo by Smokeybjb. Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Aigialosaurus_bucchichi.jpgAigialosaurus_bucchichiAigialosaurus and its cousins were aquatic lizards, but not adapted so extremely as mosasaurs. They were probably close relatives or ancestors of mosasaurs. Art by FunkMonk via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Platecarpus.pngPlatecarpusSome mosasaurs, like this Platecarpus, are known from such exquisite specimens that we can confidently reconstruct them in great detail. Top: photo from Lindgren et al 2010. Bottom: art by Dmitry Bogdanov. Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Clidastes.pngClidastesThe well-known mosasaur, Clidastes, with flesh (art by Dmitry Bogdanov) and without (photo by Greygirlbeast). Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1113px-MosasaurFrontPaddle080910.jpg1113px-MosasaurFrontPaddle080910Like many marine tetrapods, mosasaurs developed flippers with short arm bones and very long hand bones. Photo by Wilson44691https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Tylosaurus.pngTylosaurus2023-10-09T15:46:58+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/07/11/episode-91-frogs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cretfrogs.pngCretFrogshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/gero.jpgGerohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/frogs.pngFrogshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/beelz.jpgBeelzhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/triad.jpgTriadhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/skeleton.jpgSkeleton2023-10-09T15:40:26+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/04/01/episode-162-caecilians/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/geotrypetes_seraphini_81151958.jpggeotrypetes_seraphini_81151958https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_funky.pngblog_funkyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_eoc-1.pngblog_eoc-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_eoc.pngblog_eochttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_caecilianface.jpgblog_caecilianfacehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_caeclians.pngblog_caeclianshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/blog_c_main.jpgblog_c_main2023-10-09T15:40:18+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/support-us/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/636e0a6a49cf127bf92de1e2_icon_clyde_blurple_rgb.png636e0a6a49cf127bf92de1e2_icon_clyde_blurple_rgbhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image-3.pngimage-3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image-1.pngimage-1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/image.pngimage2023-10-05T22:35:21+00:00weekly0.6https://commondescentpodcast.com/about/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/davidwill3.pngDavid&Will32023-09-30T15:29:43+00:00weekly0.6https://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/12/24/episode-155-gymnosperms/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_fossils.pngblog_fossilshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_aly_fossil.jpgblog_aly_fossilhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_cone.jpgblog_conehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/blog_gymnos.pngblog_gymnos2023-09-30T06:29:17+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/02/05/episode-132-mary-and-louis-leakey/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mary-leakey-discovered-the-nearly-complete-cranium-of-paranthropus-boisei-originally-called-zinjanthropus-in-olduvai-gorge-in-1959.-1-1.jpgMary Leakey discovered the nearly complete cranium of Paranthropus boisei, originally called Zinjanthropus, in Olduvai Gorge in 1959.2023-09-30T06:29:00+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/10/30/episode-125-orchids/2023-09-30T06:28:48+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2021/06/12/episode-115-biomes/2023-09-30T06:28:44+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/02/09/episode-80-mary-anning/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/duria_antiquior.jpgDuria_Antiquiorhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/anning_portrait.jpgAnning_portraithttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/anning_plesiosaur_1823.jpgAnning_plesiosaur_18232023-09-30T06:28:11+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/11/02/episode-73-trees/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/archaeopteris.jpgArchaeopterishttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/lepidodendron_stigmaria.pngLepidodendron_Stigmariahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/archaeopteris_glossopteris.pngArchaeopteris_Glossopterishttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/1200px-petrified_forest_national_park_wood.jpg1200px-Petrified_Forest_National_Park_Wood2023-09-30T06:28:07+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/02/09/episode-54-alfred-russell-wallace/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/wallace.pngWallacehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1600px-wallace-line1.jpg1600px-Wallace-line1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1280px-wallace_map_archipelago.jpg1280px-Wallace_map_archipelago2023-09-30T06:27:43+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/02/11/episode-28-charles-darwin/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/go-it-charlie.jpgGo It Charliehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/darwindoodles.pngDarwinDoodlesNot only did Darwin leave behind a ton of his own notes, his children left behind some doodles they made on his unused writing paper! https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/sarah_galapagos.pngSarah_GalapagosHere's Sarah following in Chuck's footprints in the Galápagos! https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/1024px-voyage_of_the_beagle.jpg1024px-Voyage_of_the_BeagleDarwin's famous voyage on the HMS Beagle took him all around the world. (Image from Webmaster at the German Language Wikipedia)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/darwin.pngDarwinCharles Darwin at the age of around 30 (left) and around 70 (right).2023-09-30T06:26:16+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/03/26/episode-5-the-k-pg-extinction-the-dinosaur-extinction/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/chicxulub-anomaly.pngChicxulub Anomalyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/phanerozoic_sea_level-svg.pngPhanerozoic_Sea_Level.svghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/deccan_traps_matheran-baajhan-at-english-wikipedia.jpgDeccan_Traps_Matheran Baajhan at English Wikipediahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/chicxulub-anomaly-grav-31.jpgChicxulub-Anomaly-Grav-3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/chicxulub-anomaly-grav-3.jpgChicxulub-Anomaly-Grav-3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/kpganddavid.jpgKPgAndDavidhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/kpgtimescale.pngKPgTimeScalehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/geologic_time_scale.jpgGeologic_time_scale2023-09-30T06:20:07+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/04/23/episode-7-primates/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/primatefossils.pngPrimateFossilsPlesiadapis (top left, by Ghedoghedo), Darwinius (top right, by Nobu Tamura), and Notharctus (bottom, by Claire Houck). Representing the three major groups of ancient primates and near-primates. All from Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/primate-skeletons.pngPrimate SkeletonsGreen monkey skull (top-by Didier Desouens), Human skull (bottom-by Chris Dodds), Squirrel Monkey skeleton (by Cliff)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/primates.pngPrimatesThe incredible diversity of primates. Top row: Tarsier, Baboons, Spider Monkey Bottom: Lemur, Human, Orangutan Images from Wikimedia by Kok Leng Yeo, Charles J Sharp, Petruss, Aerial Showgirls, & Tankinzinnia 2023-09-30T06:19:39+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/06/18/episode-11-antarctica/2023-09-30T06:18:24+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/07/30/episode-14-the-gray-fossil-site/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/29217007_10116439290506934_7557437321763618816_o.jpg29217007_10116439290506934_7557437321763618816_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/29244265_10116439268516004_4455197991644430336_n.jpg29244265_10116439268516004_4455197991644430336_n2023-09-30T06:17:29+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/08/13/1967/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/triassic_animals_from_arizona.jpgTriassic_animals_from_ArizonaThe Triassic was home to lots of bizarre creatures. Here: the huge, tusked mammal-cousin Placerias; the predatory Postosuchus; and the armored Desmatosuchus. None of these groups survived the end-Triassic extinction. Image by Richie Diesterheft, Wikimedia. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/camp_magmatism_in_the_context_of_pangea.jpgCAMP_Magmatism_in_the_context_of_PangeaAs Pangaea split and the future Atlantic Ocean opened, volcanic activity was intense and long-lived. Image by Williamborg, Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/scotese_triassic.jpgScotese_TriassicDuring the Triassic, the world's landmasses were joined into the supercontinent Pangaea. Map by C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/endtriassictimescale.pngEndTriassicTimeScale2023-09-30T06:17:21+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/08/27/episode-16-cephalopods/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/sj4wdb9lukn00ouup0ejoxq.pngsJ4wdB9LUKN00OuUP0ejOxQhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/sbkgwewqvatijopfxqjar6g.pngsBkgwewqVaTIjOPfxqjaR6ghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/stwbpkqd0uroi2dp5ju4kta.pngstWbpkQD0UROI2dp5ju4KTA2023-09-30T06:17:07+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/11/05/episode-21-dinosaurs-an-introduction/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/earlydinosaurs.pngEarlyDinosaursEarly dinosaurs were bipedal omnivores, herbivores, and carnivores with the ancestral dinosaurian grapsing hands. Images: Eoraptor (top left; Nobu Tamura); Camposaurus (bottom left; Tomozosaurus); Herrerasaurus (right; Dallas Krentzel), from Wikimedia. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/dinosauromorphs.pngDinosauromorphsThese are NOT dinosaurs, but the very closely-related dinosauromorphs that lived alongside them in the Triassic. Images: Silesaurus (top left; Dmitry Bodganov); Lagosuchus (bottom left; ArthurWeasley); Lagerpeton (right; Nobu Tamura), from Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/pachycephalosauria.pngPachycephalosauriaThe pachycephalosaurs have thick-boned skull domes ridged with spikes and knobs. Images: Pachycephalosaurus (left; Kabacchi) and Stegoceras (top right; cherrysweetdeal; bottom right; FunkMonk), from Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ornithopoda.pngOrnithopodaOrnithopods come in a huge variety: generally specialized herbivores capable of walking on two or four feet. Images: Tenontosaurus (top; Nobu Tamura); Parasaurolophus (left; Lisa Andres); Hypsilophodon (right; FunkMonk), from Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/sauropoda.pngSauropodaWith small heads atop long necks, sauropods are the largest land animals in history, and among the most successful dinosaurs. Images: Plateosaurus (top left; FunkMonk); Amargasaurus (top right; Nobu Tamura); Argentinosaurus (bottom; Sellers et al), from Wikimedia. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/theropoda.pngTheropodaTheropods are mostly carnivorous, bipedal dinosaurs, and the most diverse and successful group of dinosaurs. Images: Spinosaurus (top left; Durbed), Allosaurus (top right; The_Wookies); Deinonychus eating a small ornithopod (bottom left; Emily Willoughby); from Wikimedia. And an owl from Pixabay.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ceratopsia.pngCeratopsiaCeratopsians share skull ornamentation in the form of frills, spikes, horns, and beaks. Images: Psittacosaurus (top left; Vinther et al 2016); Triceratops (bottom left, Nobu Tamura); A variety of ceratopsid skulls at NHMU (right; skinnylawyer); from Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ankylosauria.pngAnkylosauriaAnkylosaurs are tanks, with armor knobs and spikes all over the back, neck, tail, and more. Images: Euoplocephalus (left; Wilfried Berns), Sauropelta (right; John Conway), from Wikimedia. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/stegosauria.pngStegosauriaStegosaurian armor comes in the form of plates and spikes on the back and tails, and sometimes shoulders. Images: Stegosaurus (left; Nobu Tamura), Kentrosaurus (right; LoKiLeCh) from Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/dinosaurtree_holtz.pngDinosaurTree_HoltzA very simple dinosaur family tree. This is a very diverse group! Image from Thomas Holtz; skeletal artwork by Scott Hartman.2023-09-30T06:13:31+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/12/17/episode-24-sloths/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/picture2.pngPicture2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/picture1.pngPicture12023-09-30T06:11:07+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2017/12/31/episode-25-the-pleistocene-megafaunal-extinction/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/lgm.jpgLGMAn image of the Earth during the peak of the latest Pleistocene glacial period. By C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project (www.scotese.com)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/hunting_woolly_mammoth.jpgHunting_Woolly_MammothThere is evidence from fossils and cave paintings that these (and other) giant mammals were sometimes food for Pleistocene humans. Image from cloudinary.com.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ice_age_fauna_of_northern_spain_-_mauricio_antc3b3n.jpgIce_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_AntónA sampling of Pleistocene megafauna. Art by Mauricio Antón via Wikimedia Commons.2023-09-30T06:10:59+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/01/14/episode-26-astrobiology/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/15202486355_15ca7ea4a6_o.jpg15202486355_15ca7ea4a6_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/27485515902_4da6f49774_o.jpg2016 Deepwater Exploration of the MarianasHydrothermal-vent chimney. In the center of the photo, you can see the vent fluid which appears like dark smoke due to the high levels of minerals and sulfides contained in the fluid. Look closely, and you will also see the chimney is crawling with Chorocaris shrimp and Austinograea wiliamsi crabs.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/pia22107.jpgPIA221072023-09-30T06:10:48+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/02/25/episode-29-placoderms-the-armored-fish/2023-09-30T06:10:02+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/03/11/episode-30-prehistoric-poop/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/precious_the_coprolite_courtesy_of_the_poozeum.jpgPrecious_the_Coprolite_Courtesy_of_the_PoozeumThat's a whopper! According to the Poozeum, "Precious" here is the largest true-to-form coprolite in the world, at 20cm long and still intact! Image from the Poozeum via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/coprolite_with_distinct_vertebrate_bite_marks.jpgCoprolite_with_Distinct_Vertebrate_Bite_MarksThis incredibly unique coprolite was bitten by some vertebrate animal, which left bite marks on top and bottom! Image from the Poozeum via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/15547011192_59f2b9810c_z.jpg15547011192_59f2b9810c_zShark coprolites often have a distinctive spiral shape that makes them a bit easier to identify. Image by James St. John, Flickr, taken at the Sternberg Museum2023-09-30T06:09:50+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/03/25/episode-31-the-ediacaran-biota/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/dendrogramma_enigmatica_sp-_nov-_holotype.pngDendrogramma_enigmatica_sp._nov.,_holotypehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ptilosarcus_gurneyi_california.jpgPtilosarcus_gurneyi_Californiahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/spriggina_floundensi_4.pngSpriggina_Floundensi_4Spriggina has features similar to annelid worms and could even have been predatory. Image by Merikanto~commonswiki.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/1200px-dickinsoniacostata.jpg1200px-DickinsoniaCostataDickinsonia, one of the few of the Ediacaran Biota that shows signs of being able to move due the tracks that have been found in association with these fossils. Image by Verisimilus at Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/charnia.pngCharniaCharnia, the first of the biota correctly dated to the precambrian. Image by Smith609 at Wikimedia.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/cyclomedusa_cropped.jpgCyclomedusa_croppedCyclomedusa, similar to Aspidella which was the first Ediacaran Biota fossil ever discovered. Image by Verisimilus at Wikimedia.2023-09-30T06:09:30+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/04/08/episode-32-naracoorte-caves-australia/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/4284120183_71f7384ffc_b.jpg4284120183_71f7384ffc_bA photo inside Victoria Cave, one of Naracoorte's most important fossil-producing caves. Photo by Alpha on Flickr.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/wonambi_naracoortensis_vs_thylacoleo.jpgWonambi_naracoortensis_vs_ThylacoleoA dramatic depiction of Thylacoleo and Wonambi locked in imagined combat at the Naracoorte Fossil Centre. Photo by FunkMonk via Wikimedia Commons. https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/naracoorte-cave.jpgNaracoorte-cavehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/1200px-diprotodon_optatum_2.jpg1200px-Diprotodon_optatum_(2)Diprotodon optatum was a hippo-sized herbivore, and possibly the largest marsupial of all time. Image by Dmitry Bogdanov via Wikimedia Commons.2023-09-30T06:09:10+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/06/03/episode-36-reefs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/syringoporid.jpgSyringoporidhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/rugosaordovician.jpgRugosaOrdovicianhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/rudistcretaceousuae.jpgRudistCretaceousUAEhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/archaeocyatha.jpgArchaeocyathahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/maldives_small_island.jpgMaldives_small_islandhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mushroom_coral_fungia_top_macro_91.jpgMushroom_Coral_(Fungia)_Top_Macro_91https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/coral_polyp.jpgCoral_polyphttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/coral_atoll_formation_animation.gifCoral_atoll_formation_animationhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/nusa_lembongan_reef.jpgNusa_Lembongan_Reefhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/oyster_reef_hunting_island_sc-e1527994617352.jpgOyster_reef_Hunting_Island_SC2023-11-06T18:04:50+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/06/17/episode-37-evolution-of-birds/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/argentavispelagornis.pngArgentavisPelagornisTop: Model of Argentavis compared to a human (by Wangyonglee); Bottom: Skeletal reconstruction of Pelagornis sandersi (by Ryan Somma); Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/phorusrhacids.pngPhorusrhacidsLeft: Artist's reconstruction of Phorusrhacos, one of the largest of the terror birds (Public Domain); Right: Skeleton of Titanis walleri, the only terror bird known from North America (Photo by Amanda on Flickr); Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/flamingos.pngFlamingosTop left: Juncitarsus, from the Eocene of Wyoming, is either a very early flamingo or a close cousin (image by Ghedoghedo); Top right: Palaelodus belongs to a family of extinct flamingos better adapted for wading than the living versions (image by Ghedoghedo); Bottom: Modern-day flamingos with their curved beaks, pink plumage, and filter-feeding lifestyle (image by Valdiney Pimenta). Photos from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/fossil_birds.pngFossil_BirdsLeft: Hesperornis, a famous aquatic bird from Cretaceous North America; by Loozrboy via Wikimedia Commons; Right: Rapaxavis, an enantiornithine bird from Cretaceous China, by O'Connor et al 2011 via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/2196366792_a409829b9e_o.jpg2196366792_a409829b9e_oFrom their skeletons to their organs, birds are quite unlike any other animals today. Their closest living relatives are crocodilians! Photo by Terren in Virginia via Flickr.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/birds_dinosaurs.jpgBirds_DinosaursThis is a simple family tree of Dinosaurs. You can see where birds fit in (at the bottom). This image also includes an idea of the diversity of dinosaur feathers. Image from Prado et al 2015 via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/bird_anatomy.jpgBird_Anatomyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/archaeopteryx.jpgArchaeopteryxThis is the second skeleton identified as Archaeopteryx, and the most famous. About a dozen skeletons have been discovered in total. Photo by H. Raab via Wikimedia Commons.2023-09-30T06:06:14+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/07/29/episode-40-madagascar/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/madagascar_today.pngMadagascar_TodayLeft: An image of Madagascar's unique "spiny forests." Photo by MeegsC; Right: Coquerel's sifaka lemurs, one of ~100 lemur species on the island. Photo by Charles J Sharp. Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/madagascar_pleistocene.pngMadagascar_PleistoceneLeft: The elephant bird Aepyornis, one of the largest birds of all time. Image by Monnier. Right: Archaeoindris, a gorilla-sized lemur! Image by Smokeybjb. Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/madagascar_cretaceous.pngMadagascar_CretaceousTop: The abelisaur Majungasaurus, the largest known carnivore from Madagascar; Bottom: Beelzebufo, the largest known frog ever! Images by Nobu Tamura from Wikimedia Commons. Also NOT TO SCALE!https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/late_k_scotese.jpgLate_K_ScoteseAt this time, 94 million years ago, Indo-Madagascar had already split from the other southern continents, but Madagascar wouldn't break off until around 88 million years ago. Map by C. R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project (www.scotese.com)2023-09-30T06:04:13+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/08/12/episode-41-the-evolution-of-whales/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/indohyus_bw.jpgindohyus_bwhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/34140887626_a9ff8098fe_o.jpg34140887626_a9ff8098fe_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/loro-park-orca-fish.jpgloro-park-orca-fishhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/800px-pakicetus_inachus_replica_at_museo_di_storia_naturale_delluniversitc3a0_di_pisa.jpg800px-Pakicetus_inachus_Replica_at_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_dell'Università_di_Pisahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/800px-pakicetus_attocki.jpg800px-Pakicetus_attocki2023-09-30T06:04:03+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/08/26/episode-42-spinosaurs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/swimming-spinosaurus.pngSwimming SpinosaurusThese images of a swimming Spinosaurus are based on the 2014 reconstruction, but not everyone is on board with that! Top image by ДиБгд, bottom image by Mariomassone, from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/spinosaurusholotype.pngSpinosaurusHolotypeLeft: Stromer's illustration of the Spinosaurus holotype material; Right: a reconstruction of these fossils on display, photo by Ryan Somma. Images from Wikimedia Commonshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/spinosaurs.pngSpinosaursA selection of spinosaurs! Top left: Ichthyovenator by PaleoGeekSquared; Top right: Irritator by Kabacchi; Bottom left: Baryonyx by Perhelion; Bottom right: Spinosaurus by Durbed. Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/spinofood.jpgSpinoFoodThis image shows Spinosaurus along with many of the large aquatic animals that lived alongside it (plus a human diver for scale). Perhaps this was a smorgasbord for spinosaurs? Image by Joschua Knüppe from Ijouiher 2016. 2023-09-30T06:03:52+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/09/09/episode-43-the-great-american-biotic-interchange-gabi/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/nainsa.pngNAinSASome of South America's most iconic animals are descendants of GABI invaders, like jaguars (left, image by Bjørn Christian Tørrissen) and tapirs (right, image by David Silfry). Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/sainna.pngSAinNAAnd some of the familiar critters in North America came here from the south, such as armadillos (top, image by birdphotos.com) and opposums (bottom, image by Cody Pope). Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/gabi.pngGABIA sampling of animals that moved north from South America (in green) and south from North America (in blue) during the Interchange. Image by Woudloper via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/sacritters.pngSACrittersIn isolation, South America developed a fascinating and unusual fauna, including the marsupial sabertooth Thylacosmilus (top left, image by Claire Houck), the terror bird Kelenken (top right, image by Michael B. H.), ground sloths like Eremotherium (bottom right, image by Kamraman), and the camel-like Macrauchenia (bottom right, image by Robert Bruce Horsfall). Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/map.pngMap2023-09-30T06:03:32+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/10/07/episode-45-the-permian-extinction/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/siberian-traps1.pngSiberian TrapsThe Siberian Traps are made up of millions of cubic kilometers of lava erupted by end-Permian volcanism. Image by Ulamm and Jo Weber, Wikimedia Commonshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/permianfossils.pngPermianFossilsTop: Inostrancevia, a predatory gorgonopsid, a type of Permian synapsid (Image by Ghedoghedo); Bottom left: a group of rugose (horn) corals (this species is Ordovician, image by Wilson44691); Bottom right: the famous fossil seed-fern, Glossopteris (Image by Ghedoghedo). Images from Wikimedia Commonshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/permian.pngPermianhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/lystrosaurus.pngLystrosaurusThe dicynodont Lystrosaurus is a classic “disaster taxon.” In the empty ecosystems of the Early Triassic, this genus makes up as much as 90% of vertebrate fossils. Image by Ghedoghedo (top) and Dmitry Bogdanov (bottom) from Wikimedia Commons. 2023-09-30T06:02:49+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/11/18/episode-48-shark-evolution/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/antarctilamna_speciesdb15.jpgAntarctilamna_speciesDB15https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/15149695488_8f5b95c2e3_o.jpg15149695488_8f5b95c2e3_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/hybodus_fraasi_fossil.jpgHybodus_fraasi_(fossil)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/800px-stethacanthusesdb_2.jpg800px-StethacanthusesDB_2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/800px-falcatus_vienna.jpg800px-Falcatus_Viennahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/800px-xenacanthus_sessilis2.jpg800px-Xenacanthus_sessilis2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/cladoselache_fyleri_fossil.jpgCladoselache_fyleri_fossilhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/squatina_dumeril_si.jpgSquatina_dumeril_SIhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/85251765_93c3f293d6_o.jpg85251765_93c3f293d6_ohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/800px-sketchbook_of_fishes_-_25-_longnose_saw_shark_-_william_buelow_gould_c1832.jpg800px-Sketchbook_of_fishes_-_25._(Longnose)_Saw_shark_-_William_Buelow_Gould,_c18322023-09-30T06:02:10+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2018/12/16/episode-50-australia/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Palorchestes_BW.jpgPalorchestes_BWhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Zaglossus_hacketti.pngZaglossus_hackettihttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Muttaburrasaurus_skel_QM_email.jpgMuttaburrasaurus_skel_QM_emailhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/481px-Pangaea_to_present.gif481px-Pangaea_to_presenthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/509px-Pangaea_continents.svg_.png509px-Pangaea_continents.svghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Snider-Pellegrini_Wegener_fossil_map.gifSnider-Pellegrini_Wegener_fossil_maphttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Gondwana_fossil_map_ger.pngGondwana_fossil_map_gerhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Zircon-249203.jpgZircon-249203https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Ausgeolbasic.jpgAusgeolbasichttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Kangur.rudy_.drs_.jpgKangur.rudy.drs2024-12-19T05:10:12+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/04/06/episode-58-the-bone-wars/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/othniel_charles_marsh__edward_drinker_cope_bw.jpgOthniel_Charles_Marsh_&_Edward_Drinker_Cope_bwMarsh (left) and Cope (right) in the late 1800s. Image in the public domain.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/como.pngComoLeft: A sketch by Arthur Lakes of a Bone Wars-era expedition at the famous Como Bluff dinosaur site in Wyoming. Right: A photo of Como Bluff today, by Anky-man. Photos from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/art.pngArtTwo paintings by Charles R. Knight during the Bone Wars era. Left: Brontosaurus, discovered by Marsh (later re-named Apatosaurus). Right: Laelaps, discovered by Cope (later re-named Dryptosaurus). Images in the public domain.2023-09-30T05:59:33+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/04/20/episode-59-bats/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/indian_flying_fox_pteropus_giganteus_kolkata_west_bengal_india_27042013.pngIndian_Flying_Fox_(Pteropus_giganteus)_Kolkata_West_Bengal_India_27042013https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/esqueleto_y_reconstruccic3b3n_del_onychonycteris_finneyi.pngEsqueleto_y_reconstrucción_del_Onychonycteris_Finneyihttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/little_brown_myotis_cropped.jpgLittle_Brown_Myotis_(cropped)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/icaronycteris_index.jpgIcaronycteris_indexhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpgBig-eared-townsend-fledermausThe Big eared townsend bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) shows the large ear of a nocturnal hunting bat.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/800px-desmo-boden_cropped.jpg800px-Desmo-boden_(cropped)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/373px-homology.jpg373px-Homology2023-09-30T05:59:21+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/05/04/episode-60-turtles/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/skull.jpgSkullClassically, scientists grouped vertebrates by the number of holes (fenestrae) in the back of the skull. Snakes, crocs, and many others are diapsids, with two temporal fenestrae behind the eye. Mammals are synapsids, with just the lower fenestra. Turtles are anapsids, with none at all, as are several ancient reptile groups. But it turns out this isn't very useful for identifying relationships, as we now know the anapsid condition has evolved multiple times! Image from CNX OpenStax via Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/turtles.pngTurtlesA bit of extant turtle diversity. Top left: alligator snapping turtle by Gary Stolz; Top right: midland smooth softshell turtle by Peter Paplanus; Bottom left: leatherback sea turtle by US Fish & Wildlife; Bottom right: Sulcata tortoise by John5199. Images from Wikimedia Commons and Flickr.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/turtlefossils.pngTurtleFossilsLeft: Eunotosaurus, from the Permian of South Africa, with its expanded ribs and reduced skull fenestrae. Image by flowcomm. Top right: Odontochelys, from Late Triassic China, with a proper plastron. Image from Ghedoghedo. Bottom right: Proganochelys, from Late Triassic Germany, with a full shell, a beak, but also teeth! Image from Claire Houck. All images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/shell.pngShellTurtle shells are composed of numerous bones and covered in numerous scutes. Top: each image (carapace to the left, plastron to the right) is split with scutes labeled on the left and bones labeled on the right (Image by Faendalimas). Bottom: a similar image with the real deal, by Vicente.niclos. Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/pleurocrypto.pngPleuroCryptohttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/trachemys.pngTrachemys2023-09-30T05:59:13+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/07/13/episode-65-the-late-devonian-extinctions/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/dev_reefs-1.pngDev_Reefshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/tiktaalik.jpgTiktaalikhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/dev_reefs.pngDev_Reefshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/390.jpg3902023-09-30T05:58:06+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/07/27/episode-66-elephants/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/2019-08-02-17.27.24.jpg2019-08-02 17.27.24https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/phosphatherium_-_head_restoration.jpgPhosphatherium_-_head_restorationhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/stegodon_ganesa.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/platybelodon_grangeri_skull.jpgPlatybelodon_grangeri_Skullhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/palaeoloxodon_namadicus.jpgPalaeoloxodon_namadicushttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/moeritherium_sp.jpgMoeritherium_sphttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/lyuba_the_mummified_baby_mammoth.jpgLyuba_the_mummified_baby_mammothhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/mammuthus_exilis.jpgMammuthus_exilishttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gomphotherium_productum.jpgGomphotherium_productumhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/deinotherium_antipa_bucharest.jpgDeinotherium_Antipa_Bucharest2023-09-30T05:35:44+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/10/19/episode-72-plesiosaurs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/dolichorhynchops.jpgDolichorhynchopshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/picture3.pngPicture3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/picture2.pngPicture2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/800px-albertonectes_vanderveldei.jpg800px-Albertonectes_vanderveldeihttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/meyerasaurus_victor_smns_12478.jpgMeyerasaurus_victor_SMNS_12478https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/picture1.pngPicture1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/the_snake-necked_elasmosaurus.jpgThe_Snake-necked_Elasmosaurushttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/800px-paleo_hall_at_hmns_plesiosaur.jpg800px-Paleo_Hall_at_HMNS_plesiosaurhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/800px-plesiosaurus_in_japan.jpg800px-Plesiosaurus_in_Japanhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/800px-liopleurodon_after_tarlo-e1571278107903.jpg800px-Liopleurodon_after_Tarlo2023-09-30T05:35:22+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/01/25/episode-79-pterosaurs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture5.pngPicture5https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture4.pngPicture4https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture3-1.pngPicture3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture2-1.pngPicture2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/picture1.jpgPicture12023-09-30T05:33:49+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/03/07/episode-82-trilobites/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/triloroll.jpgTriloRollhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/triloontogeny.pngTriloOntogenyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/triloeyes.pngTriloEyeshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/trilodiversity.pngTriloDiversityhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/triloanatomy.pngTriloAnatomyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/triloabundance.jpgTriloAbundancehttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/agnostid.jpgAgnostid2023-09-30T05:32:55+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/03/21/episode-83-coelacanths/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/neoceratodus_forsteri_2014-09-19.jpgNeoceratodus_forsteri,_2014-09-19https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/rebellatrix_divaricerca-e1584664425516.jpgRebellatrix_divaricercahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/mawsoniadb16.jpgMawsoniaDB16https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/limulus_polyphemus_horseshue_crab_on_coast.jpgLimulus_polyphemus_horseshue_crab_on_coasthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/latimeria_chalumnae_replica.jpgLatimeria_chalumnae_replicahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/coelacanth_indet.jpgCoelacanth_indet2023-09-30T05:32:30+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/05/02/episode-86-new-zealand/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/parrots.pngParrotshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/zealandia_topography.jpgZealandia_topographyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/tuatara_sphenodon_punctatus_standing_proud.jpgTuatara_Sphenodon_punctatus_standing_proudhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/kiwi_bird_in_christchurch_new_zealand_2002-01-01.jpgKiwi_bird_in_Christchurch,_New_Zealand,_2002-01-01https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/giant_moa.jpgGiant_moahttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/cook_strait_giant_weta_5601688959.jpgCook_Strait_Giant_Weta_(5601688959)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/canterbury_museum_christchurch_-_joy_of_museums_-_haasts_eagle.jpgCanterbury_Museum,_Christchurch_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_Haast's_Eagle2023-09-30T05:32:18+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2022/03/05/episode-134-sanguivores-blood-eaters/2023-09-30T05:31:31+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2023/07/22/episode-170-milk/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_milk.jpgblog_milkhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_others.pngblog_othershttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_anatomy.gifblog_anatomyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_elephant.jpgblog_elephanthttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/blog_nursing.pngblog_nursing2023-09-30T05:31:24+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/05/16/episode-87-ceratopsians-horned-dinosaurs/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/earlycerats.pngEarlyCeratshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ceratskulls.jpgCeratSkullshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/cerats.pngCeratshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ceratontogeny.jpgCeratOntogeny2023-09-30T05:29:55+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/05/30/episode-88-evolution-of-teeth/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2020-05-29-21.11.38.jpg2020-05-29 21.11.38https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/picture2.pngPicture2https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/picture1-1.pngPicture1https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/blausen_0863_toothanatomy_02.pngBlausen_0863_ToothAnatomy_02https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/gray1001.pngGray1001https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/schizorhiza_7992001442.jpgSchizorhiza_(7992001442)https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/600px-mammoth_ivory_hg.jpg600px-Mammoth_ivory_hghttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/493px-conodont_hindeodus_reconstruction.jpg493px-Conodont_Hindeodus_Reconstruction2023-09-30T05:27:37+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2020/06/13/episode-89-the-burgess-shale/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/opabinia_bw.jpgOpabinia_BWhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/moreanimals-1.pngMoreAnimalshttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/foodweb.pngFoodWebhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/excavation.pngExcavationhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/preservation.jpgPreservation2023-09-30T05:26:48+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/01/26/episode-53-the-baculum-penis-bone/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bacula4.jpgbacula4https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bacula3-1.pngbacula3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bacula3.pngbacula3https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bacula1.pngbacula1Top: a selection of brown bear bacula (image by Didier Descouens). Bottom: a raccoon baculum (image by Mordicai). These are interesting shapes, but they're nothing compared to some rodents. Check out the image in this article. Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bacula2.jpgbacula22023-09-30T05:26:13+00:00monthlyhttps://commondescentpodcast.com/2019/02/24/episode-55-the-sixth-extinction-modern-biodiversity-crisis/https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/33675818851_58c3c559e0_k.jpg33675818851_58c3c559e0_kCoral bleaching caused by warming ocean temperatures at Heron Island Feb 2016. Image: the Ocean Agency / XL Catlin Seaview Survey / Richard Vevers.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/picture1.pngPicture1A few species recently declared extinct. Top left: Bramble Cay melomys (image from the State of Queensland); Bottom left: Golden toad (image from Charles H. Smith); Right: Round island burrowing boa (public domain). Images from Wikimedia Commons.https://commondescentpodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/phanerozoic_biodiversity.pngPhanerozoic_BiodiversityBiodiversity and extinction, including the Big Five. 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